News Article Of The Wealth Disparity Of White And Black...

In today’s society, it is normal and expected for media outlets to provide information to society. Often times, these media outlets will adjust, edit, and modify these stories in an effort to make them more appealing to it’s audience. However, this misleads those who listen, and can manipulate those to share the same belief from which they receive their information. To ensure that the news is either biased or unbiased, it would be wise to find a credible source that presents all of the content, without any modifications, and further fact check the research from which this information originated from. In this paper, I will be critically analyzing and comparing the similarities and differences between a news article of the wealth disparity†¦show more content†¦As a whole, the news article targeted their audience with each individual statistic, stressing the significant achievement gap between white and black families. Jean Yeung and Dalton Conley, authors of the original journal, demonstrated a thorough scientific journal, where they presented their hypothesis, methods, and results. Making it clearly known, the authors established that they would test the effects of both income and wealth on children, and to further differentiate the two, they would also analyze the sources from which they acquire their wealth. To avoid confusion, they define wealth as assets accumulated from sources other than income. These sources were individually examined to find their respective impact on young children, and they were further categorized between liquid and illiquid assets. Additionally, Yeung and Conley assessed the physical environment of the home, addressing the idea that wealth and income impacts the family as a whole, which may further affect the children and their cognitive performances. With respect to their test material, Yeung and Conley found that the various forms of wealth have drastic effects, eac h of which impact each member of the household in significant ways. Their results showed that racial disparity in wealth is considerably larger than in family income. More specifically, it was found that a greater number of white children lived in a household that owned both liquid and illiquidShow MoreRelatedThe Black Disadvantage in the United States1655 Words   |  7 PagesThe Black Disadvantage in the United States Racial profiling, higher risks of incarceration, poverty, unemployment, more student debt; these are just some of the issues that African Americans face in the United States today. The statistical facts show that African Americans Face an uphill battle compared to White Americans. 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Wealth is a paramount indicator of social well-beingRead MorePrivilege And Oppression By Thomas Paine Essay1165 Words   |  5 PagesPrivilege and Oppression Have a Long History in America Upon turning on the news in America, the media is not reporting stories of wholeness and community, which one would expect upon reading Thomas Paine s passage. It instead is littered with videos of protests and fights, church shootings, riots, racist graffiti, and other hate crimes. Paine has an idealistic view of America, and while Americans have the capacity to join together (as shown following the 9/11 terrorist attacks) we also have struggledRead MoreRace And Ethnicity : The United States1071 Words   |  5 Pagesand Ethnicity The demographic census of 2014 estimates show that Washington’s population comprises 49.0% African American or Black, 43.6% of White alone, 0.6% of American Indian and Alaska Native alone, 4.0% Asian alone, 0.2 Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander alone, 2.6% of two or more races (did not include the actual racial composition) Hispanic or Latino 10.4%, White alone, not Hispanic or Latino 35.8% (Stats, Oct-2015). Washington, D.C. remains one of the places where people look throughRead MoreHarlem : An Emerging Slum1547 Words   |  7 Pagesmore wealth. Gentrification brings about great controversy as to whether it is beneficial or detrimental. The emotions are and will continue to be mixed, as many are seeing great change while others are forced out of their homes as developers reap profits. The article, â€Å"Harlem Tragedy: An Emerging Slum† by Gilbert Osofksy and Figure 1.1 of the 3 buildings on W 127th St, will explain how Harlem transitioned from a prosperous neighborhood into a disadvantaged â€Å"ghetto.† As discussed in the article, thereRead MoreEducation and Income as Primary Factors of Disparitites Essay2823 Words   |  12 Pagesalong with the minorities of this country. White, African-American, Asian, Native American and Hispanic, are the main racial ethnicities within the United States. Generally, there have always been conflicts between ethnic groups throughout history, but believe it or not most ethnic groups along within one another. The white race has always claimed superiority in the United States. It is so sad that decades after the Civil Rights Movement, racial disparities and other race related issues is still aRead MoreSocial, Political And Economic Implications Of Money2132 Words   |  9 PagesCapitalist economy is fueled by multiple facets racial inequality. The moral argument against racial inequality under an economic lens is simple yet, expected; when we deny opportunities for people of color in the same way we have them established for white people, we cannot expect people from these marginalized groups to reach their full potential. Of course, this is not the American way. During the establishment of the ideas of America, our founding fathers said this, â€Å"All men are created equal† moreoverRead MoreThe Downfall Of The Black Experience1559 Words   |  7 PagesThe Downfall of the Black Experience Many Americans point to the suffering of the African American experience from the internal problems in African Americans communities; however, they neglect the external social constraints that African Americans have faces in America. African Americans have suffered oppression through social institution through factors such as Segregation, Racial Crimination, and Mass incarnation. The constraint of segregation was a way of social, political, and economical control

Human Body Essay Example For Students

Human Body Essay In the BeginningWithin a month of conception, the cluster of cells that will, in the course oftime, become a human being begins throbbing, signaling the development ofa primitive heart. Scarcely four weeks more pass before an intricate networkof veins and arteries the size of a pea forms and subdivides into a tiny replicaof the four chambers that will one day make up the adult heart. As the fetusgrows, so does its vitally important circulatory system. Although most of thefunctions of the heart remain dependent upon the mother throughout theentire pregnancy, in the latter stages the organ becomes strong enough to beaton its own. Even so, until birth the baby is cared for and nourished throughthe mothers placenta. An umbilical cord provides a supply line that furnishesfood and oxygen for the baby, and also removes waste. When at last thebirthing moment arrives, the baby emerges a separate individual; almost assoon as its first cries are sounded, its pulmonary and circulatory systemsund ergo a change that renders them self-sufficient. How it Works Technically speaking, the circulatory system is a masterpiece of organicactivity. Composed of a network of 60,000 miles of blood vessels and apintsized, powerhouse pump known as the heart, it services more than 2,000gallons of blood per day, feeding and replenishing other organs and makinglife possible. In an adult, the heart is normally an 11 ounce, fistsized organ that literallypushes blood through arteries, veins and capillaries. It does this by means ofmuscular contractions sparked by electrical impulses from the heartspacemaker (sinoatrial node). All of the cells within each of the chambersmagically work on cue. First, the right side sends blood to the lungs. There carbon dioxide is removed and oxygen is added, turning the blood abright red color. Then the blood is pumped to the left side of the heart andsent via the aorta to the rest of the body. To survive, each of the bodys approximately 1 billion cells must benourished. This is the job of the blood, with the heart and vessels acting asfacilitators. After depositing the necessary nutrients with each of the cells, theblood returns to the heart, carrying with it waste products it has picked upalong the way. These are eliminated through a filtering process in the lungsand kidneys. By now the supply of oxygen within the blood i s nearly exhausted, and it istime to restock its supplies and begin the journey again. Incredibly, the wholeprocess has taken just 20 seconds. During the course of an average life, the heart pumps tens of millions ofgallons of blood. It is estimated that the amount would easily fill a24-foot-wide cylinder to a height greater than the Empire StateBuilding. Perhaps more impressively, the circulatory system has the computer-likeability to direct greater and lesser amounts of blood to various areas of thebody according to their immediate needs. This explains why athletes oftenforego eating just prior to a match. During the process of digestion, thegastric organs require more blood to complete their work. As if that werentenough, the heart is also wired through the nervous system to respond to alarge variety of physical and emotional stimuli. Witness the quickening of theheart at the touch of a loved one. What Can Go Wrong Most circulatory problems are caused by a blockage in an artery, which isknown as atherosclerosis or hardening of the arteries. No one knows for surewhy this happens, but the prevailing theory states that something causes theprotective inner lining of an artery wall to be injured. Once impaired, thecollagen in the lining is exposed. That, in turn, attracts platelets and toxicsubstances from the bloodstream, which enter the artery wall. Eventually, theprocess leads to a buildup of debris, narrowing of the artery and finally,blockage. Interestingly enough, although the heart has a continual flow of bloodstreaming in and out of its chambers, it is unable to take the nourishment itneeds from this source. Rather, it must rely on its own miniature circulatorysystem, which branches off from the aorta or main channel. Here tiny butextremely important vessels called coronary arteries provide the means tofeed the heart. Like other arteries, they are also subject to blockage. Andherein lies a potential and fairly common tragedy, because when coronaryarteries cease to function as they should, the heart is deprived of the oxygenand nutrients it needs. Starved, it becomes damaged and, at worst, dies. There are several factors that contribute to circulatory problems, includinghigh blood pressure (hypertension), high levels of cholesterol in thebloodstream, smoking, obesity, heredity, lack of exercise and emotionalstress. Blood pressure refers to the force at which blood courses through arteries andveins as it journeys to the various parts of the body. It is determined by thetotal amount of blood in the body (which may vary from individual toindividual and even time to time), the intensity at which the heart has towork, and the resistance to flow offered by the artery walls. When bloodpressure is elevated above a safe level, it can speed up the process ofdamaging the blood vessels. It can also lead to personality changes and mayaffect the heart, brain and kidneys. Cholesterol Management Cholesterol is a type of animal fat that is either manufactured by the liver orabsorbed through the diet. Although most often it is described in villainousterms, it is actually necessary in some forms for good health. Cholesterolhelps the body metabolize carbohydrates and manufacture its own vitamin D. It also is a prime supplier of certain essential hormones. However, problemsoccur when cholesterol and other fats start lining the insides of arteries,narrowing them and making them susceptible to deposits of plaque. Thishampers the flow of blood, and consequently, the supply of life-givingnutrients and oxygen. Do you know what your cholesterol level is? When was the last time you hadit checked? Or have you ever had it checked? How are you doing with yourcholesterol management? And do you need to be concerned about it? Lets look at some statistics The average American eats 165 pounds of meat, 276 eggs, 17 pounds ofbutter or margarine and 18 pounds of ice cream annually. Daily, the averageAmerican consumes the equivalent of a full stick of butter in fat andcholesterol. This diet contributes to a 1-2% increase in the cholesterolaccumulating in the arteries each year. Remember, high cholesterol levels arenot something you can feel. To determine if your blood cholesterol level iscontribu ting to your risk of heart disease, have it tested by a qualified healthprofessional through laboratory analysis. Cholesterol is manufactured in theliver and is absorbed from the diet. S nce the major lipids or fats are notsoluble in blood, they are carried in the bloodstream by protein carriers calledlipoproteins. These lipoproteins vary in size and are termed highdensitylipoprotein (HDL), low- density lipoprotein (LDL) and a very low-densitylipoprotein (VLDL). Of Masques and Triumphs EssayDespite the boom in fitness spass, a government survey shows that onlyabout 8 percent of adults get adequate exercise. It seems we are a generationof couch potatoes and over a period of time, our sedentary habits can exact aheavy price. Aerobic exercise such as walking, running or cycling helps tosupply increased amounts of oxygen to the circulatory system. It alsostrengthens heart muscle tone and improves mass. Theres even evidence thatit helps keep cholesterol at a healthy level. Research indicates that emotional stress can cause the body to releasebiochemicals that may contribute to the injury of arterial tissues. This, inturn, invites the formation of plaque. Preventive MaintenanceThe late, eminent heart specialist Paul Dudley White, M.D., once stated thatheart disease before 80 is our own fault, not Gods or Natures will. Of all the factors that contribute to circulatory problems, all but one heredity can be largely controlled by the way we live and the food we eat. Highblood pressure, for example, can be lowered significantly in some people bysimply limiting the intake of sodium. Common table salt, or sodium, causesthe blood to retain fluids. This swells the volume of blood that must bepumped throughout the body and, accordingly, adds to the workload of theheart. Salt also seems to encourage the smooth muscles in the smallestarteries to constrict, which increases the resistance to flow. Unfortunately, salt is a staple of the modern diet, and an ingredient in mostprocessed foods. That means that most of us probably consume way toomuch. Whats more, when sugar is added to salt, as it very often is, the threatis compounded. Researchers have found that symptoms of high bloodpressure are significantly worsened in test animals fed a diet that is high inboth salt and sugar. They concluded that the synergist ic effect of thiscommon dietary duo is disquieting at the very least. So, limit your sodium intake as much as possible. Avoid salty snacks andmake a deliberate change from seemingly convenient, prepackaged and fastfoods to their more natural counterparts. When you come to the frozen andcanned food sections in your local grocery store, put on mental blinders andquicken your pace. Then head straight for the fresh produce . . . and lingerthere. Avoid fats as much as possible, especially those that are highly saturated, likecoconut oil. Better choices are avocado, almond, canola and peanut oils. Thebest choice is high-grade olive oil. Also, cut down on your intake of meatsand other substances that contain animal fats, while you concentrate onincluding more fish, whole grains and beans in your diet. Whole milk, because it contains animal fat, is a potentially heavycontributor of dietary cholesterol. Consider substituting Natures Sunshine delicious-tasting, dairy-free,cholesterol-free and lactose-free . It is also naturally low in calories andsodium. Its white like milk and is made from tofu, which means its easier todigest than soy milk and doesnt have that bean taste. If you need some additional information on the health implications of dairyproducts for reasons other than the circulatory system, read more at the site. Lately, a lot of publicity has surrounded oat bran as a cholesterol fighter. Itsgood, but other findings indicate that rice bran may even be better. Psyllium, too, looks promising. Doctors at the University of Minnesotarecently released the findings of a study in which psyllium was used tosuccessfully lower patients cholesterol levels. Regular aerobic exercise (at least 20 minutes, three times a week) can be areal boon to a healthier circulatory system. In addition to its many physicalbenefits, aerobic exercise helps people deal with the normal stresses ofeveryday living. If you follow these tips consistently, chances are obesity, another contributorto high blood pressure, wont be much of a problem. If it is, we recommendseeking the services of a qualified health practitioner. Finally, remember that the circulatory system like any other system in thehuman machine-doesnt come with a manufacturers warranty. For thatreason, owners should be advised that a certain amount of timely upkeep isnecessary to keep it in tip-top condition. Failure to do so may result in costlyrepairs, a major overhaul or even a trade-in. As in all matters relating to health, preventive maintenance is the key toadding both years to your life, and life to your years. Read a Success Story on Natural Solutions for Circulatory Problems Circulation, cholesterol, most successful choice for high blood pressure Body deodorizer and cleanser, gum disease, chronic anemia, builds bloodfast, soothing and healing to the digestive and intestinal tracts-1200 mg. of Chinese garlic per tablet, coated with chlorophyll to controlodor without altering garlic properties and enteric coated so you dont burp it blood pressure, cholesterol, infections, colds, yeast A yellowish gummy substance derived from India. Used to improve thecirculatory system and improve cholesterol ratios. A combination of hawthorn berries, capsicum and garlic to strengthen theheart and aid in improving the circulatory system. Oral chelation formula designed to remove plaque from arterial walls;circulation; heart tonic; great preventative aid for heart disease Antioxidant, healing, anti-aging, heart disease, skin healerScience Essays

Notre Essays - Notre Dame Fighting Irish Football, Films, Rudy

Notre Dame Football The Notre Dame Legend In this epic tale of courage, bravery and persistence is made of exciting magnitude and loyalty of one man, named Rudy, to fulfill his life-long dream to play for Notre Dame University on the football team. His pride to become part of the Nation's best football team was his dream, to become an All-American hero. His struggles in life were of tremendous value to him. All around him, all his life, family and "friends" had put him down and told him that he will never become a Notre Dame team member. His realization for life began as his dear friend died. As to then, Rudy has dedicated himself into becoming a part of the Notre Dame Varsity football team. His first engagement with the priest led him to begin school at the Holy Cross Community College. The priest had promised him that if he had studied hard enough and had received good grades, then he would then be granted another free semester and so on. Until then, Rudy had visited the field on where the desired football team played, being escorted shortly off by the keepers of the field. He then rushed to the Head Coach to enlist onto the team but could not because he was not a full-time student at their College. If he had done well enough, then the Father again promised him entry into the Notre Dame Campus. Rudy's persistence to become part of the team had taken sympathy from the father of the church. He soon began attending college at this University. He had later encountered a companion to aid Rudy so that he may pass his classes with above-average grades. Of course, in return, his newly greeted friend, Peabody, was of a shy sort and had wanted his help into being introduced to some women of his class. Peabody had also wanted to leave for the University of Miami to study the profession of Law. Peabody was one of the very few friends, which Rudy adored. He had promised to help Rudy study and pass his courses as long as he had helped him with the "Female Department". Peabody had also promised Rudy that he would be at the first starting game that he was in. Peabody was also very fond of Rudy, because they watched each other's backs. As fate had it, as Rudy advanced in his classes, he had kept enrolling into Notre Dame University only to be turned down, time after time after time. Rudy then applied for attendance upon the Booster Club for the team after deliberately lying that he was enrolled in the school. He was caught doing so after Peabody had asked him to find out if a girl had a boyfriend or not for him, since that was the deal they had made; studies for girls. As to then, Rudy had attended all of the team's Pep Rallies and the such but was later discovered to have not been in the school's list of alumni due to failure to show a valid School Identification. Rudy was too dedicated to let his dreams off too easily as this. He applied for recruitment of the Field Maintenance crew, which worked on the field of the legendary Notre Dame team. His employer stated to him that to never give up his dreams to do whatever he wanted to do in life. This had a bit influential part upon Rudy himself though he had his goal set to make the team, no matter what. His employer had also"pretended" to not know of the key which was found in the office, which Rudy stated was big enough for a person to live in. As well that his other new friend, his boss, knew he did not have a place of his own, until then. Since Rudy was a Freshman at Holy Cross College, he had spent all of his precious time studying and practicing vigorously to make his name appear on that list and to make the dress cut. As so, for the following, hard, two years, he was never accepted to his school of choice. When the Christmas Holidays had arrived, Rudy returned home to visit his parents and the rest of his family. His mother greeted him with joy as to see her son once again but his father was in a very ill mannered mood. At the fact that his son had received stupendous grades at the Holy Cross Community College, he did not accept

Comparison of observation and sampling as methods of research

Comparison of observation and sampling as methods of research Introduction Research is the act of finding knowledge by such means as investigations so that facts can be established. Research variables are those individual empirical items that can take on different values. This work discusses two methodologies of research namely; observation and sampling.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Comparison of observation and sampling as methods of research specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Its main focus is the advantages and the disadvantages of each method in relation to the different techniques involved in each method. The techniques represent the multicultural aspects in relation to traditional research methods. Observation Observation is the act of receiving and recording data into the human senses or in scientific apparatus. It can also be defined as a method of receiving knowledge. The way a researcher looks at things, or any data that is collected from the field are also known as observations. Observation needs a rigorous preparation that also includes formulation of hypotheses (Educationforum, 2010). During a research operation, researchers has to ask themselves questions about a phenomenon, observe the phenomenon, hypothesize it, predict a logical sequence by extrapolation and inferences, test the hypothesis experimentally, and finalizing the process by making a conclusion based on the results of the test. From the above sequence, it is evident that observation plays a big role in the second and the fifth steps. Observation, as a way of research is classified into two techniques namely non participant and participant techniques. It is worth noting that the two methods can be used simultaneously. In the non participatory technique, the researcher does the observation but does not join the group in question. On the other hand, the researcher does the observation while joining the group in the participatory technique. One of the advantages of observa tion as a method of research is that it can generate data that is deviant. Despite these deviations that may render the data unreliable, a strong fact that makes the method useful is that the data is highly representative. The method can also be used to study a small population (Ngo, 2010). It is also applicable where interviews are quite expensive or untimely like during investigations that involve the emotional issues of toddlers. Another advantage of this method that seems to be quite obvious but often forgotten is that the researcher can study a particular group of population that other methods cannot be employed to study.Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More A particular behavioral pattern within a specified population can also be studied on a daily basis at specific localities (Ngo, 2010). In special instances, especially when using participatory techniques, a res earcher can obtain highly accurate data that is also very rich. Observation techniques do also have their own disadvantages. The findings of observed data can lack the aspect of reliability (Educationforum, 2010). The data may reflect that of superficial observations and this method can only investigate a small number of population at a time. According to recent studies, during these investigations, a researcher may influence the population in question to behave differently. Other disadvantages of observation as a method of research include fatigue of the researcher due to high involvement, presence of ethical problems particularly when dealing with a population that engages in illegal activities and the misrepresentation of data during non participatory observation. Sampling A sample is a single item within a large population of reference. Samples are usually used when the individual items in the population are too numerous in number to count or the main item of reference is too hu ge to investigate. It is through the collected samples that a researcher can find the desired details that they can use to make inferences. Sampling is the process whereby a sample of a particular population is studied for further details and inferences and extrapolations made to the specified population. There are many different types of sampling depending on the method of classification, for instance, there are random samples and nonrandom samples. Sampling employs different techniques that include, simple random, stratified random, cluster, stage, purposive, quota, snowball, volunteers, accidental, and convenience. Their advantages range from one sample to another. However, compared to research methods such as observation, their advantages seem to be following a general trend. Even the disadvantages behave in a similar manner. Thus, the main advantages are that some techniques of sampling are highly representative especially the simple random. Specific groups are usually represen ted and the methods used ensure that much localized populations are not missed. Sampling also ensures that there is a balance of group sizes especially if the investigations include the selection of multiple groups.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Comparison of observation and sampling as methods of research specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In specific sampling methods such as quota method, there is a certainty in precise selection of numbers of the items in questions, which have appropriate characteristics. Sampling also offers the opportunity to investigate a group in which no identifiable clusters exist. Last but not least, sampling is an inexpensive way that can be viewed in terms of economies of scale. This means that a researcher can investigate sufficient numbers of a study using fewer resources. At the same time sampling in general is more reliable since the sample data collected from the selected s amples makes room for a quick inference on the population parameters (Emathzone, 2008). This method also has its own disadvantages. Most specific sampling techniques such as simple random are not possible to execute without a complete set of population members. At the same time, these methods are not quite economical to achieve and may involve a lot of time. Other sampling techniques such as stratified random, are pretty demanding in terms of effort. They also require a more careful definition of strata. Sampling as a method of research demands a lot of care in choosing the techniques. A researcher has to be careful in the choice such that the technique used should be the most appropriate and at the same time economical in terms of resources and time. Stage sampling is pretty complex because it combines limitations of cluster and stratified random sampling (Emathzone, 2008). In the purposive technique, samples are not easily defensible as being representative of the entire populatio n in question. This is because there may be an element of subjectivity operating within the researcher’s mind and their specific operations. In some instances, it may not be possible to prove whether the sample is representative of the population in question. Good examples of this are the quota and the snowball techniques (Educationforum, 2010). Another disadvantage of sampling, especially when using the volunteer, accidental and convenience technique is that the method can be highly unrepresentative Conclusion The above research methodologies can be useful in executing research projects that involve different sizes of population. Sampling can be used to investigate large populations while observation is used to investigate particular features in small populations.Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The advantages of both methods seem to compliment such that one method steps in where the other method is not applicable. This phenomenon is also appropriately related to their disadvantages. Reference List Educationforum, (2010). Research Methods: Observation. Web. Emathzone, (2008). Sample Survey and Advantages of Sampling. Web. Ngo, D. (2010). Observation Methods. Web.

The Peer- Reviewed Journal Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Peer- Reviewed Journal - Research Paper Example This journal admits that supply chain management is a business philosophy that deals with all activities in the business. The main emphasis here is teamwork for both the customers and the suppliers to achieve the competition available in the market  (Beamon, 1999). The capacity of this journal involves wide coverage on all the aspects of the delivery process, and theoretical contributions from the social sciences relating to the developed and the developing countries. This journal is unique as compared to other journals. It is based on covering marketing, logistics, information technology, management, and organizational behavior in relation to the chains of supply in all sectors. This journal aims at promoting the development and completion of supply chain systems, which accomplish higher levels of service and savings in costs. The key benefits of this journal involve seeking a promotion of dialogue between academics and business members in the supply   chain management field The journal promotes awareness of new theoretical initiatives in the community. It creates a forum where academics can present their ideas. Its coverage involves contractual relationships; data interchange, efficient consumer response, logistics, organizational behavior, and risk management (Lohman et al., 2004). This journal is beneficial to academics and the libraries, industries, manufacturing companies, service industries like IT, transport and distribution, and the provision of public services such as health care and defense.

Learning agreement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Learning agreement - Essay Example Kim. This will be the best opportunity to capitalize on his experience as well as maximize on the growing interactions I will have with other employees at the workplace. The department has three main areas where I will spend at least five hours a week at each to learn as much as I can during my internship program. This will provide at least three intense rotations as explained below. The first rotation will involve the shelving of the goods as they come. With the busy schedules here, the number of suppliers is also high and the work required when shelving will be intense. I will be receiving the supplies and making sure that they are shelved. Before shelving hem, I will have to check the expiry date. This will mean that the first foods to go will be those having short expiry dates and making sure that the arrangement reflects the need to follow the restrictions accorded (Ojugo 116-7). The obsolete stock will have to be shelved in other areas away from the fresh supplies. I will also need to take stock of the expired stock, spoiled stock, damaged stock and provide evidence of the same. In the process of documenting these stocks, I will have to check on the environment of the stocks and make sure that everything is working as required. The goal is to establish the proper storage requirements and standards (Ojugo 117). The second rotation will involve serving. With the growing need to make everything work towards the growth of my skills, it is only important to learn how to make good servings and also appreciate cleanliness as a way of making everyone happy with my work. I understand that the pressures emanating from the different orders within the workplace will always make it difficult to reach the level of indulgence needed to attain growth within my preferred level of indulgence. The third rotation will be in the management sector where I will be conducting trainings. The aim is to ensure

Education in the United States Essay Example for Free

Education in the United States Essay India has made large strides in educating its population of more than a billion people, yet a lot remains to be done. It is commonplace now that education is both intrinsically valuable and also instrumental for economic well-being, and this is true for individuals and entire nations. No country in the world has been able to develop without the spread of mass education. An educated population is a prerequisite for take-off into high economic growth. Table 1 in the appendix shows literacy rates for India as a whole and by sex. It also shows the decadal rates of change from 1901 to the present. 2 Literacy rates have increased for both males and females, and though the latter continues to lag behind the former, there has been a narrowing of the male-female gap in literacy: from 24. 8% in 1991 to 21. 7% in 2001. In 2001, the absolute number of illiterates declined historically for the first time by nearly 32 million. In terms of state-wise performance, Kerala continues to occupy first rank as it has done historically; on the other hand, densely populated states like Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan and Bihar are yet to overcome their educational inertia. 3 The average figures for India as a whole hide a great deal of variation among states. Table 2 in the appendix provides literacy rates for states for the years 1991 and 2001, for the population as a whole, by sex and also provides the decadal rate of change. In 2001, Kerala, Maharashtra and Himachal Pradesh had more than 75% of their population of 7+ years literate. On the other hand, even in 2001, less than half of Bihar’s population of seven years and above was literate with female literacy rate only 33. 6%. In terms of zones, states in the South and West outperform states in the North and East. 2. Primary Education Primary education refers to the education of children between the ages 6-11 years (grades 1-5). Universalization of Primary Education (UPE) is a constitutional provision in India and there has been a steady expansion in the spread of primary education since Indian independence in 1947. The Indian educational system is the second largest in the world after China. In 2001-02, there were nearly 0. 66 million primary schools in India 1 This study has been undertaken as part of the United Nations Millennium Development Goals Project. 2 Before the 1991 census, only those belonging to the age-group 0-4 years were excluded from the population in order to compute literacy rates and the basis of the computation was the entire population. From the 1991 census onward, literacy rates were computed based on the population aged 7+ years and above. 3 In Bihar, Nagaland and Manipur as well as Delhi and Chandigarh, the absolute number of illiterates has increased in the 1990s. 4 providing access to 84% of habitations with a primary school located within a distance of one kilometer. Between 1997 and 2002, the gross primary school enrolment rate4 for India was 111 for males and 92 for females. The net primary school enrolment rate5 on the other hand was only 78 for males and 64 for females. The net primary school attendance rate between 1999 and 2002 was 79 for males and 73 for females. However, of the children who entered primary school, only 68% reached grade 5 between 1995 and 1999 (UNICEF, 2004). Table 3 provides data on gross primary school enrolments by sex between 1950-51 and 2001-2002. As can be seen from the table there has been a steady increase in the numbers of boys and girls attending primary school over time. In Table 4, state-wise enrolment of boys and girls as a percentage of their age-group is provided for 1997-1998. Girls’ enrolment has been steadily increasing over time and in 2001-02, nearly 45% of girls in the age-group 6-11 were enrolled in school. These statistics are heartening because at least until the 1990s, one of the most dismal aspects of India’s education system was the large percentage of the population in the younger age groups that were out of school. Socio-economic disparities Despite the strong constitutional backing for the provision of primary education in India6 and its expansion over time, the system is characterized not only by low achievements but also by large unevenness of achievements. Huge gaps remain between rural and urban areas, and the probability of getting any education at all sharply depends on gender, caste and income. Women, scheduled castes and tribes and the poor are faced with formidable barriers when it comes to getting basic education. Of the 200 million children in the age group 6-14, it is estimated that 59 million are out of school. Of these 35 million are girls and 24 million are boys (Ministry of Human Development, GOI). Apart from socio-economic determinants, the educational infrastructure and the management and the governance of the educational system in India are far from efficient or sufficient. The government is the largest provider of education in India with only about 10% of primary schools owned by the private sector. 7 The quality of education provided by the public education system is low which translates into low educational abilities even for those who are able to complete primary education cycle. Moreover, there is a lot of ‘waste’ in the educational system with dropout rates as high as 40% for the country as a whole and in some Indian states, they are as high as 75%. Though the number of primary 4 Gross primary school enrolment rate is computed as the number of children enrolled in primary school regardless of age divided by the population of that age group. 5 Net primary school enrolment rate is computed as the number of children in that age group enrolled in primary school divided by the population of that age group. 6 In 2002, the Supreme Court of India decreed that free primary education was a constitutional right. 7 Around 3% of private schools are aided by the government, which makes government intervention in the education sector even greater. 5 schools in the country increased, more than 1 lakh8 habitations still do not have access to a primary school within a distance of one kilometer. Teacher-pupil ratios are inadequate: less than 2 teachers are available in rural areas to teach a class size of around 100 students. Teacher motivation and teaching incentives are also very weak. India perhaps has the highest rate of teacher truancy in the world. Poverty and Education. Empirical evidence strongly shows that, both at the level of the household as well as at the level of the country, there is a positive relationship between income (and wealth) and educational attainment. More income simply means more resources available to spend on the acquisition of education. With more than 250 million people in India living on less than a $1 a day, poverty remains a major barrier to educational access. Although education is provided ‘free’ by the government, the cost of uniforms, textbooks and transportation costs are beyond the reach of many households (Tilak, 2004). Added to these direct costs are the indirect (opportunity) costs of wage/domestic labor which children perform and the costs of acquiring education become considerable for households. Graphs 1 and 2 in the appendix show simple regressions of literacy rates for sixteen states against state poverty rates and state per capita income for 2001. As is expected, literacy rates decline with poverty and rise with per capita incomes. State per capita incomes seem to explain literacy rates better than poverty rates. Filmer and Pritchett (2001) using Demographic Health Survey data for India find that the gap in enrolment between the highest and the lowest wealth class is as much as 52 percentage points. Gupta (2003) using the 52nd round of National Sample Survey data finds that the percentage of people who have completed five years of schooling declines as one descends consumption deciles. In the lowest consumption decile, the proportion of people who have not completed the primary school cycle is greater than 80%. 9 While poverty status and income class are strong determinants of who goes to school and for how long, they do not make up the whole story. Indian states of Kerala and Himachal Pradesh even with fewer resources at their disposal have been able to achieve much better educational and health outcomes compared to rich states such as Punjab and Haryana in India. This is true even when we look at cross-country outcomes. For example, Sri Lanka and Botswana do much better in education and health terms than would be predicted based on their level of resources; the Latin American countries do much worse given their resources (Mehrotra and Jolly, 1998). 8 One lakh is equal to 100,000. 9. These graphs are meant to be illustrative of the association between resources and education and do not claim any direction of causality. The relationship between resources and educational attainment is bidirectional. The poor cannot afford schooling. With little human capital, the opportunities to escape persistent poverty are very restricted and the poor can be trapped in a low education, low income vicious cycle across generations. A large literature has analyzed both theoretically and empirically persistence of poverty inter-generationally due to lack of resources to invest in education.